语言模型既展示了定量的改进，又展示了新的定性功能，随着规模的增加。尽管它们具有潜在的变革性影响，但这些新能力的特征却很差。为了为未来的研究提供信息，为破坏性的新模型能力做准备，并改善社会有害的效果，至关重要的是，我们必须了解目前和近乎未来的能力和语言模型的局限性。为了应对这一挑战，我们介绍了超越模仿游戏基准（Big Bench）。 Big Bench目前由204个任务组成，由132家机构的442位作者贡献。任务主题是多样的，从语言学，儿童发展，数学，常识性推理，生物学，物理学，社会偏见，软件开发等等。 Big-Bench专注于被认为超出当前语言模型的功能的任务。我们评估了OpenAI的GPT型号，Google内部密集变压器体系结构和大型基础上的开关稀疏变压器的行为，跨越了数百万到数十亿个参数。此外，一个人类专家评估者团队执行了所有任务，以提供强大的基准。研究结果包括：模型性能和校准都随规模改善，但绝对的术语（以及与评估者的性能相比）；在模型类中的性能非常相似，尽管带有稀疏性。逐渐和预测的任务通常涉及大量知识或记忆成分，而在临界规模上表现出“突破性”行为的任务通常涉及多个步骤或组成部分或脆性指标；社交偏见通常会随着含糊不清的环境而随着规模而增加，但这可以通过提示来改善。

以前的作品表明，自动扬声器验证（ASV）严重易受恶意欺骗攻击，例如重播，合成语音和最近出现的对抗性攻击。巨大的努力致力于捍卫ANV反击重播和合成语音;但是，只有几种方法探讨了对抗对抗攻击。所有现有的解决ASV对抗性攻击方法都需要对对抗性样本产生的知识，但是防守者知道野外攻击者应用的确切攻击算法是不切实际的。这项工作是第一个在不知道特定攻击算法的情况下对ASV进行对抗性防御。灵感来自自我监督的学习模型（SSLMS），其具有减轻输入中的浅表噪声并重建中断的浅层样本的优点，这项工作至于对噪声的对抗扰动以及SSLMS对ASV的对抗性防御。具体而言，我们建议从两种角度进行对抗性防御：1）对抗扰动纯化和2）对抗扰动检测。实验结果表明，我们的检测模块通过检测对抗性样本的精度约为80％，有效地屏蔽了ASV。此外，由于对ASV的对抗防御性能没有共同的指标，因此考虑到纯化和基于净化的方法，这项工作也将评估指标正式地进行对抗防御。我们真诚地鼓励未来的作品基于拟议的评估框架基于拟议的评估框架来基准。

Humans form mental images of 3D scenes to support counterfactual imagination, planning, and motor control. Our abilities to predict the appearance and affordance of the scene from previously unobserved viewpoints aid us in performing manipulation tasks (e.g., 6-DoF kitting) with a level of ease that is currently out of reach for existing robot learning frameworks. In this work, we aim to build artificial systems that can analogously plan actions on top of imagined images. To this end, we introduce Mental Imagery for Robotic Affordances (MIRA), an action reasoning framework that optimizes actions with novel-view synthesis and affordance prediction in the loop. Given a set of 2D RGB images, MIRA builds a consistent 3D scene representation, through which we synthesize novel orthographic views amenable to pixel-wise affordances prediction for action optimization. We illustrate how this optimization process enables us to generalize to unseen out-of-plane rotations for 6-DoF robotic manipulation tasks given a limited number of demonstrations, paving the way toward machines that autonomously learn to understand the world around them for planning actions.

本文提出了一种新的劣化和损坏识别程序（DIP）并应用于建筑模型。与这些类型的结构的应用相关的挑战与响应的强相关性有关，这在应对具有高噪声水平的真实环境振动时进一步复杂化。因此，利用低成本环境振动设计了DIP，以分析使用股票变换（ST）来产生谱图的加速响应。随后，ST输出成为建立的两系列卷积神经网络（CNNS）的输入，用于识别建筑模型的恶化和损坏。据我们所知，这是第一次通过高精度的ST和CNN组合在建筑模型中评估损坏和恶化。

我们介绍了时间特征 - 方向线性调制（TFILM）模型的块在线变体，以实现带宽扩展。所提出的架构简化了TFILM的UNET骨干，以减少推理时间，并在瓶颈中采用有效的变压器来缓解性能下降。我们还利用自我监督的预测和数据增强，以提高带宽扩展信号的质量，并降低对下采样方法的灵敏度。VCTK数据集上的实验结果表明，所提出的方法优于侵入性和非侵入性度量的几个最近基线。预先训练和过滤增强也有助于稳定并提高整体性能。

In the Earth's magnetosphere, there are fewer than a dozen dedicated probes beyond low-Earth orbit making in-situ observations at any given time. As a result, we poorly understand its global structure and evolution, the mechanisms of its main activity processes, magnetic storms, and substorms. New Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods, including machine learning, data mining, and data assimilation, as well as new AI-enabled missions will need to be developed to meet this Sparse Data challenge.

This report summarizes the 3rd International Verification of Neural Networks Competition (VNN-COMP 2022), held as a part of the 5th Workshop on Formal Methods for ML-Enabled Autonomous Systems (FoMLAS), which was collocated with the 34th International Conference on Computer-Aided Verification (CAV). VNN-COMP is held annually to facilitate the fair and objective comparison of state-of-the-art neural network verification tools, encourage the standardization of tool interfaces, and bring together the neural network verification community. To this end, standardized formats for networks (ONNX) and specification (VNN-LIB) were defined, tools were evaluated on equal-cost hardware (using an automatic evaluation pipeline based on AWS instances), and tool parameters were chosen by the participants before the final test sets were made public. In the 2022 iteration, 11 teams participated on a diverse set of 12 scored benchmarks. This report summarizes the rules, benchmarks, participating tools, results, and lessons learned from this iteration of this competition.

This paper presents an image-based visual servo control (IBVS) method for a first-person-view (FPV) quadrotor to conduct aggressive aerial tracking. There are three major challenges to maneuvering an underactuated vehicle using IBVS: (i) finding a visual feature representation that is robust to large rotations and is suited to be an optimization variable; (ii) keeping the target visible without sacrificing the robot's agility; and (iii) compensating for the rotational effects in the detected features. We propose a complete design framework to address these problems. First, we employ a rotation on $SO(3)$ to represent a spherical image feature on $S^{2}$ to gain singularity-free and second-order differentiable properties. To ensure target visibility, we formulate the IBVS as a nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) problem with three constraints taken into account: the robot's physical limits, target visibility, and time-to-collision (TTC). Furthermore, we propose a novel attitude-compensation scheme to enable formulating the visibility constraint in the actual image plane instead of a virtual fix-orientation image plane. It guarantees that the visibility constraint is valid under large rotations. Extensive experimental results show that our method can track a fast-moving target stably and aggressively without the aid of a localization system.

Solar activity is usually caused by the evolution of solar magnetic fields. Magnetic field parameters derived from photospheric vector magnetograms of solar active regions have been used to analyze and forecast eruptive events such as solar flares and coronal mass ejections. Unfortunately, the most recent solar cycle 24 was relatively weak with few large flares, though it is the only solar cycle in which consistent time-sequence vector magnetograms have been available through the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) since its launch in 2010. In this paper, we look into another major instrument, namely the Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) from 1996 to 2010. The data archive of SOHO/MDI covers more active solar cycle 23 with many large flares. However, SOHO/MDI data only has line-of-sight (LOS) magnetograms. We propose a new deep learning method, named MagNet, to learn from combined LOS magnetograms, Bx and By taken by SDO/HMI along with H-alpha observations collected by the Big Bear Solar Observatory (BBSO), and to generate vector components Bx' and By', which would form vector magnetograms with observed LOS data. In this way, we can expand the availability of vector magnetograms to the period from 1996 to present. Experimental results demonstrate the good performance of the proposed method. To our knowledge, this is the first time that deep learning has been used to generate photospheric vector magnetograms of solar active regions for SOHO/MDI using SDO/HMI and H-alpha data.

相干显微镜技术提供了跨科学和技术领域的材料的无与伦比的多尺度视图，从结构材料到量子设备，从综合电路到生物细胞。在构造更明亮的来源和高速探测器的驱动下，连贯的X射线显微镜方法（如Ptychography）有望彻底改变纳米级材料的特征。但是，相关的数据和计算需求显着增加意味着，常规方法不再足以从高速相干成像实验实时恢复样品图像。在这里，我们演示了一个工作流程，该工作流利用边缘的人工智能和高性能计算，以实现直接从检测器直接从检测器流出的X射线ptychography数据实时反演。拟议的AI支持的工作流程消除了传统的Ptychography施加的采样约束，从而使用比传统方法所需的数据较少的数据级允许低剂量成像。